نخستین مشایخ صوفیه زاهدان و پارسایان واقعی بودند. آگاهی همه‌جانبه از گناه همراه با وحشت جزا موجب میشود که آنان برای رهایی از خود از دنیا گریزان باشند و تسلیم بی‌چون و چرای خداوند متعال گردند. خوف از خدا و امید نداشتن به غیر او، در عابدان زاهد و صوفیان اولیه از جمله حاتم اصم، در نهایت به ورع و زهد شدید منجر میشود.
میتوان گفت صوفیان اولیه پیش از آنچه عارف باشند، زاهد و عابد بودند؛ ازآن جمله حاتم اصم.
ابو عبدالرحمان حاتم بن عنوان مشهور به حاتم اصم(م.237ه./ 851 م) در عصر معتصم، هشتمین خلیفة عباسی می‌زیسته و از زاهدان دورة اول (150-250ه.) است که به زهد و عبادت و اعراض از دنیا مشهور بوده است. او مرید و شاگرد ابوعلی شقیق بلخی(متوفی۱۵۴) و استاد احمد خضرویه بود.
در این مقاله با بهره‌گیری از منابع قدیم، اندیشه و سخنان حاتم اصم بررسی شده است تا نشان داده شود که چگونه صوفیان زاهد و عابد با سخنان و اعمال خود به تعلیم شاگردان، حاکمان و عامة مردم میپرداختند. این حکایات و سخنان می‌تواند سندی از تاریخ تصوف و آموزه‌های اخلاقی صوفیان دورة اول باشد.
The moral teachings of Hatam Assam, Sufi of the first period
نویسندگان [English]
manijeh pournemat
* Assistant professor of the Persian language and literature, University of Persian Gulf.
چکیده [English]
The first patriarch Sufis such as Hatam Assam were real pious. Their complete cognizance about sin and the fear of God cause them to run away from the world and to be succumbed to God. This fear of God and disappointment of the people lead to an intensive piety. It can be said that the first Sufis were pious rather than Gnostic. Abou Abdorahman Hatam ebne Onvan well known as Hatam Assam (273 A.H/ 851 A.D.) was one of the Sufis of the first period (150-250 A.H.) which has been living at the same time with Motasem, the eighth Abbasi khalife. He was the student of Abu Ali Shaghigh Balkhi and Ahmad Khezruye.Here, using old references, thought and speeches of Hatam Assam are investigated to illustrate how the Sufis have trained their students, governors and the people. These speeches and anecdotes can be a document of the Mysticism history and the moral teachings of the first period.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Mysticism, Sufi of First period, Hatam Assam, education, piety
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